Measuring nutrition.
نویسنده
چکیده
Distribution of weight change (kg) on 2078 occasions on consecutive days in healthy young men Methods ofmeasuring calories (food energy) are different from those for the other essential nutrients. Measurement ofenergy balance is technically difficult and can only be done in a specially equipped laboratory. Energy expenditure is measured by calorimetry, nearly always indirect calorimetry-that is, continuous measurement ofoxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. (Direct calorimetry measures a subject's heat output in a special insulated room. There are only two such human calorimeters in Britain and none in most countries.) Cumbersome gas measuring equipment impedes the subject's movements. On the intake side the energy (calorie) content offoods eaten should be analysed chemically since energy values in food tables are only estimated averages. The usual way ofestimating energy balance is, ofcourse, from the resultant changes in body weight. A gain or loss ofenergy by the body of about 6000 to 7000 kcal should, respectively, increase or reduce the weight by + or 1I0 kg. Most of this weight change is in fat with a variable amount ofwater and a minority ofmuscle. Gain or loss oftissue needs to be over 1 kg to be detectable because, even with accurate weighing and on a constant regimen, healthy people's weights fluctuate within the day and from day to day. Furthermore, many scales and weighing techniques are not accurate. Reference standards for body weights at different heights are given for adults in the article on Diagnosis and Risks ofObesity.
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عنوان ژورنال:
- British medical journal
دوره 291 6508 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1985